Leader of the Indian independence movement born in Porbandar, Gujarat state, whose religious principles non-violence and the belief in the sanctity of all living beings, successfully followed in their political activities, consecrated it worldwide.
The given title Mahatma, which means great soul, expressed the Indian people's respect and veneration for their leader. He studied at Samaldas College, Bhavnagar, and law at Oxford University, England. He returned to India (1891) and then moved to Natal, South Africa, a country with a large population of Indians, where he exercised law (1893-1914) and began his localized struggle against the injustices and humiliations suffered by resident Indians. He founded a section of the Congress Party and laid the foundation for peaceful resistance, the satyagraha, based on the principles of non-violent struggle and suffering as an instrument to resist the adversary.
Returned to India (1915), supported the British during the first world war, but the massacre in Amritsar (1919), in the state of Punjab, where soldiers British killed about 400 Indians, started his struggle for independence (1920), resulted in a period in prison. (1922-1924). Upon his release he had to work intensively on the reunification of communities and the Congress Party which were extremely divided between Hindus and Muslims.
After the notorious disobedience campaign against the salt tax (1930), he accepted a truce with the United Kingdom and agreed to participate in the II Round Table Conference (1931) in London, in which he once again claimed the independence of his parents. Returning to India in December (1931), he resumed the campaign of disobedience and was again arrested and convicted. During this period he maintained fundamental political contacts with Jawaharlal Nehru, another of the great leaders of the future Indian nation. In protest against the British government's decision to segregate the lower castes, the outcasts (1932) staged yet another of their notorious hunger strikes.
Leaving the Congress Party (1934) he concentrated on a program of organizing the nation from the struggle in favor of the poor, which included the encouragement of regional industries and the implementation of an education system geared to the needs. of the people. With the outbreak of World War II, he returned to active militancy and called for the immediate withdrawal of the British (1942), which resulted in the arrest of the main leaders of the Congress Party.
After the war (1945) a new stage in Indo-British relations began, which resulted with the formation of two independent states (1947): India, mostly Hindu, and Pakistan, Muslim. He was murdered by a Hindu fanatic while praying in Delhi, and his ashes were thrown into the Ganges River.
Source: Biographies - Academic Unit of Civil Engineering / UFCG
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Would you like to reference this text in a school or academic work? Look:
COSTA, Keilla Renata. "Mahandas Karamchand Gandhi"; Brazil School. Available in: https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/biografia/mahandas-karamchand.htm. Accessed on June 27, 2021.
