The crisis of feudalism. feudal crisis

question 1

(UEL-PR) “[...] the demographic increase, which occurred from the 11th to the 16th century, allowed the multiplication of the nobility that was increasingly parasitic. Their consumption habits became more demanding and bigger, which determined a need for an increasingly higher income. There follows, therefore, an overexploitation of the work of the servants, demanding from them a longer working time [...]”.

The text describes one of the causes, in Europe, of:

1. formation of the Asian mode of production.
2. consolidation of enlightened despotism.
3. decadence of commerce that produced ruralization.
4. crisis that led to the disintegration of feudalism.
5. prosperity that brought about the industrialization process.

question 2

(UFRGS) Read the text below:

“So great was the number of dead that, with the coffins scarce, the corpses were placed on simple boards. Not one coffin received two or three dead simultaneously. Nor did it happen only once that a wife and husband, or two and three brothers, or father and children, were buried in the same coffin [...].

To bury the large number of bodies that went to any church, every day, almost all the time, the already sacred land was not enough; and even less would it be enough if one wished to give each body its own place, in accordance with the old custom. Therefore, churches began to be built in cemeteries, as all places were full, although some were very large; In these churches, by the hundreds, the corpses that were arriving were placed; and they were piled up like the goods of ships [...].”

BOCCACCIO, Giovanni. Decameron. São Paulo: April, 1981.

The testimony of the Italian writer Boccaccio refers to the advent of the Black Death in Western Europe, which accelerated the crisis of the feudal system in the 14th and 15th centuries.

Tick, among the alternatives below, the factor to which this crisis can be related.

1. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the European economy became predominantly urban, which led to a lack of rural workers for agricultural production. Without good food conditions, the population was more subject to disease.
2. Demographic growth asserted itself throughout the Low Middle Ages to a point where the production of the feudal system was no longer able to feed the population, which was weakened.
3. The production techniques were highly developed for the time, to the point of causing an overproduction that created an imbalance in the system.
4. Serfdom, established as the predominant form of work in Western Europe from the 15th century onwards, weakened the population and led to endemic mortality.
5. As a result of the mortality caused by the Black Death, the nobles enacted laws to help the peasant population.

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