Qatar, or Qatar, is a country located in Western Asia, on the Arabian Peninsula (a peninsula is a stretch of land surrounded by water on almost all sides), and extends as far north as the Persian Gulf. The country is considered an emirate, having its territory administered by a member of the ruling class, in this case an emir. It is one of the richest nations in the world.
General data
Official name |
State of Qatar (in Portuguese) Qatar دولة قطر (in Arabic) |
Official language |
Arabic english is the second language |
Government |
Absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy. Governed by Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. |
Religion |
Islam (predominant). Other religions: Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism. |
Area |
11,610 km2 |
Population |
2.743.901 (2019) |
GDP |
$167.6 billion (2017) |
Demographic density |
236 inhab/km2 |
border countries |
Saudi Arabia |
Timezone |
6 hours more than Brasília time. |
history and economy
Qatar was considered a British protectorate due to the division of the Ottoman Empire. It became independent from the United Kingdom in 1971, becoming a sovereign state. The reigning dynasty against the government of Qatar is the
Al Thani family, for nearly 150 years. The monarchy is inherited from parents to children.readmore:Creation of Middle Eastern States
is currently one of the richest countries in the world and with one of the lowest tax burdens, according to the Global Competitiveness Report. But this history of wealth started in the 40s, when the country started to exploration of Petroleum and natural gas.
the country is richinresourcesnatural, being one of the largest natural gas producers in the world. In 1974, Qatar Petroleum took over the exploration and control of the country's oil, boosting the economy.
According to the Economic Complexity Observatory (OEC), Qatar is the 47th largest export economy in the world, having exported, in 2017, a total of US$ 52.3 billion. The country's main exports are oil, refined petroleum, ethylene polymers and aluminum in raw forms. The main destinations for these products are South Korea, Japan, India, China and Singapore.
knowmore:Religion in the Middle East
With regard to imports, in 2017 Qatar imported, also according to the OEC, US$ 21.6 billion. The country's main imports are planes, helicopters, cars, gas turbines and jewelry, and are sourced from countries such as the UK, France, Germany and China. The emirate's trade balance is, therefore, positive with a balance of US$ 30.7 billion.
Capital of Qatar
The capital of Qatar is Doha and has a high socioeconomic development.
Doha is the capital of Qatar, being the most populous city in the emirate, concentrating more than half of the population, it is extremely urbanized. It is located in the eastern portion of the country and has approximately a little more than 1,300,000 inhabitants. It is bordered by the Persian Gulf and has a desert climate, with very high temperatures (close to 45ºC) throughout the summer.
It was made official as the country's capital when Qatar gained independence from the United Kingdom. The city is known for its rapid development. It contains what has become known as the “City of Education”, an initiative of the Foundation of Qatar for Education, Science and Humanitarian Development, developed in 1997. It has hosted several events such as the 2006 Asian Games, 2011 Pan-Arabic Games and several Asian Cup games and possibly will host some games of the 2022 World Cup.
Climate
As it is located in an arid plain region basically covered by sand and very little native vegetation, Qatar is a region with a desert climate with extremely high temperatures that vary throughout the year between 14ºC and 45ºC. It has a long summer that lasts between the months of May and September with an average temperature of 38ºC. The highest temperatures are usually set in the month of July.
Temperatures become mild between the months of December and March, with an average temperature below 26ºC. Rainfall rates are low during the warm season and increase when the cool season arrives.
Population
Qatar's population exceeded two million inhabitants. Yet, about 75% of the population is made up of foreigners, especially from other Arab nations. It is mostly urban, with approximately 90% of the population living in cities. The country has high social indicators such as the Human Development Index (HDI). The HDI is 0.856, considered high and indicating good health, education and income conditions.
readalso:Countries with high HDI
Qatar in the World Cup
Qatar will host the 2022 World Cup.
Qatar won the right to host the world Cup which will be held in 2022 amidst a troubled scenario of accusations and accusations of corruption. The country was accused of paying FIFA to host the tournament. The World Cup held in the country will feature the construction of eight stadiums, six of which are located in the capital Doha.
knowalso:Choosing Brazil to host the 2014 World Cup
Due to the particularities of the country, especially the high temperatures in the period when the World Cup, there was a change in the date of the tournament, which is usually held by FIFA in the months of June and July. The event will be held in November and December, lasting 28 days, when temperatures in the country are milder.
→ Qatar Selection
The selection of Qatar has no football tradition and no internationally known athletes. In 2019, football in the country had reason to celebrate by winning an unprecedented title: Asian Cup champion, played in the United Arab Emirates, winning the Selection of the Japan at the final. As the champion of the Asian Cup, the Qatar team will compete in Brazil in the Copa America 2019.
→ What you need to know about the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
There are around 800 Brazilians residing in Qatar.
Consensual homosexual relations between men are considered crimes in the country, with possible punishment such as physical punishment, imprisonment and deportation.
It is necessary to enter the mosques barefoot.
Alcohol consumption is only allowed for Muslims in private places.
The use of western clothing is allowed, no tunics and veils are required. However, it is necessary to avoid the use of t-shirts, short blouses, necklines or any item of clothing that exposes the body excessively.
There is no longer a visa requirement for Brazilians who wish to travel to Qatar.
Is Qatar the richest country in the world?
Qatar is considered the richest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita, which is the country's gross domestic product divided by the number of inhabitants, according to the International Monetary Fund. The country's GDP was US$ 166 billion in 2017, and the GDP per capita was around US$ 124,000.
Map
by Rafaela Sousa
Graduated in Geography
