Turkey is a country that emerged from the fragmentation of the Ottoman Empire.
The Republic of Turkey is a State located in Eurasia, that is, part of the territory is established on the European continent and the other on the Asian continent.
The country is bordered by Bulgaria to the northwest, Greece to the west, Georgia to the northeast, Armenia, Iran to the east, Iraq and Syria to the southeast.
The territory is bordered on the north by the Black Sea, on the west by the Aegean Sea, Marmara Sea and on the south by the Mediterranean Sea. Turkey covers an area of 779,452 km2, home to around 74.8 million inhabitants, has the city of Ankara as its capital.
Physical Aspects of Turkey:
Relief
The Asian part of Turkey is constituted by a large plateau located in the center and around this, what predominates are young mountains that have undergone few erosion processes.
To the north, there are the Pontic Mountains and to the south, the Taurus Mountains, in addition to a plain cut by several interior basins, on the eastern side. presents the Armenia massif where there are high reliefs with volcanic formation where the highest point in Turkey is located, with 5,137 meters of altitude.
Climate
In Turkey there are four climatic characteristics, on the south and west coast there is a Mediterranean climate, in July the average temperature is 29ºC. In the north, summers are pleasant and winters are cold with heavy rainfall. In the center of the country, it develops a dry climate with a large temperature disparity between the summer and winter seasons.
Hydrography
As for the hydrographic basins, most of them occur in the interior of the territory where Lake Van is located, located at an altitude of 1,720 meters. To the north the main rivers are Sakarya, Kizil Irmak and Yesil which flow into the Black Sea. In addition to the Simav river that flows into the Sea of Marmara, Gediz and the Buyukmenderes into the Aegean Sea and the Seyhan and Orontes rivers into the Mediterranean Sea.
In the east of the territory there are important rivers such as the Tigris and Euphrates that flow into the Persian Gulf.
Vegetation and fauna
As for vegetation cover, what predominates are coniferous forests in the northern mountains and also in the plains. The Mediterranean vegetation with shrub characteristic develops in coastal areas of the Aegean and Mediterranean Sea.
Another vegetative characteristic that appears in Turkish territory is the steppe, common in areas with limited incidence of rain in a semi-desert climate. The best known trees typical of the region are oak, pine, cedar, palm and fir.
Regarding the fauna, the wild animals typical of the region are wolves, foxes, wild boar, wild cats, beavers, martens, jackals, hyenas, deer and mountain goats, as well as domestic animals such as buffalo, angora goat and camel.
Economy
Provision of services: 61.7%.
Industry: 23.2%.
Agriculture: 15%.
Currency: Turkish lira.
General information about Turkey
Name: Republic of Turkey.
Motto: “Peace at home, peace in the world”.
Official language: Turkish.
Capital: Ankara.
Area: 779, 452 km2.
Population: 74.8 million inhabitants.
HDI (Human Development Index): 0.679 (high).
Foundation of the Republic: October 29, 1923.
Currency: new Turkish lira (from 2005).
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By Eduardo de Freitas
Graduated in Geography
Brazil School Team
countries - geography - Brazil School
