THE Universal Declaration of Human Rights it is a document that delimits the fundamental rights of the human being. It was established on December 10, 1948 by the United Nations Organization (UN), at the time made up of 58 Member States, including Brazil.
Marked by the horrors that occurred in the Second World War and with the intention of building a world on new ideological bases, the rulers of several nations proposed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.
The purpose of the document, in addition to marking a new path in opposition to the conflict, was to promote the organization of uniform principles on peace and democracy, as well as the strengthening of rights Humans. Let's see below the text of the statement based on its objectives.
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Goals:
“The present Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the common ideal to be achieved by all peoples and all nations, with the objective that each individual and each organ of society, having always bearing in mind this Declaration, strive, through teaching and education, to promote respect for these rights and freedoms, and to adopt progressive measures of a national and international, for ensuring its universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of the Member States themselves, and among the peoples of the territories under their jurisdiction.
Article I
all people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and must act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article II
1 – Everyone has the capacity to enjoy rights and freedoms. established in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, whether of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, wealth, birth, or any other condition.
2 - Nor will any distinction be made based on the political, legal or international condition of the country or territory to which it belongs a person, whether it is an independent territory, under guardianship, without its own government, or subject to any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article III
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article IV
No one will be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade will be prohibited in all its forms.
Article V
No one will be subjected to torture, nor to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article VI
every person has the right to be, everywhere, recognized as a person before the law.
Article VII
Everyone is equal before the law and they are entitled, without any distinction, to the equal protection of the law. Everyone is entitled to equal protection against any discrimination that violates this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article VIII
Every person has the right to receive effective remedy from the competent national courts for acts that violate the fundamental rights that are recognized by the constitution or the law.
Article IX
No one will be arbitrarily arrested, detained or exiled.
Article X
Everyone has the right, in full equality, to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial court to decide on his rights and duties or on the basis of any criminal charge against him.
Article XI
1 – Any person accused of a criminal act have the right to be presumed innocent until his guilt has been proven in accordance with the law, in a public trial in which he has been assured all the guarantees necessary for his defense.
2 – No one can be blamed for any action or omission that, at the time, did not constitute a crime under national or international law. Nor will a stronger penalty be imposed than that which, at the time of the practice, was applicable to the criminal act.
Article XII
No one will be subject to interference in his private life, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks on his honor and reputation. every person is entitled to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article XIII
1 – Every person has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
2 – Everyone has the right to leave any country, including their own, and return to it.
Article XIV
1 – Every person, victim of persecution, has the right to seek and enjoy asylum in other countries.
2 – This right cannot be invoked in case of persecution legitimately motivated by common law crimes or by acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article XV
1 – Every person is entitled to a nationality.
2 – No one will be arbitrarily deprived of their nationality, nor of the right to change their nationality.
Article XVI
1 – Men and women of legal age, without any restriction of race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and found a family. enjoy equal rights in relation to marriage, its duration and its dissolution.
2 – Marriage will only be valid with the free and full consent of the betrothed.
3 – The family is the natural and fundamental nucleus of society and is entitled to the protection of society and the State.
Article XVII
1 – Every person has right to property, alone or in partnership with others.
2 – No one will be arbitrarily deprived of their property.
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Article XVIII
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes the freedom to change religion or belief and the freedom to manifest that religion or belief, by teaching, by practice, by worship and by observance, alone or collectively, in public or in particular.
Article XIX
every person have the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes the freedom, without interference, to hold opinions and to seek, receive and transmit information and ideas by any means and regardless of borders.
Article XX
1 – Every person have the right to freedom of assembly and association peaceful.
1 – Nobody can be forced to be part of an association.
Article XXI
1 – Every person you have the right to take part in the government of your country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
2 – Everyone has an equal right of access to public service in their country.
3 – The will of the people will be the basis of the government's authority; this will will be expressed in periodic and legitimate elections, by universal suffrage, by secret ballot or an equivalent process that ensures the freedom to vote.
Article XXII
Every person, as a member of society, tin right to social security and the achievement, by national effort, of international cooperation in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights essential to its dignity and the free development of its personality.
Article XXIII
1 – Every person have the right to work, free choice of employment, fair and favorable working conditions and protection against unemployment.
2 – Everyone, without any distinction, is entitled to equal pay for equal work.
3 – Every person who works is entitled to fair and satisfactory remuneration., which assures him and his family an existence compatible with human dignity, and to which, if necessary, other means of social protection will be added.
4 – Every person have the right to organize unions and to join them for the protection of their interests.
Article XXIV
every person is entitled to rest and leisure, including the reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic paid vacations.
Article XXV
1 – Every person is entitled to a standard of living able to assure you and your family health and wellness, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and essential social services, and the right to security in case of unemployment, illness, disability, widowhood, old age or other cases of loss of livelihood in circumstances beyond their control.
2 – Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, born in or out of wedlock, will enjoy the same social protection.
Article XXVI
1 – Every person have the right to education. Education will be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental degrees. Elementary instruction will be mandatory. Technical-professional education will be accessible to everyone, as well as higher education, which will be based on merit.
2 – Instruction will be directed towards the full development of the human personality and the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The instruction will promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and racial or religious groups, and will assist the United Nations' activities in the maintenance of peace.
3 – Parents have priority in choosing the type of instruction that will be provided to their children.
Article XXVII
1 – Everyone has the right to freely participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to participate in the scientific process and its benefits.
2 – Everyone is entitled to the protection of moral and material interests arising from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
Article XXVIII
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article XXIX
1 – Every person have duties to the community, in which the free and full development of your personality is possible.
2 – In the exercise of their rights and freedoms, every person will be subject only to the limitations determined by law, exclusively for the purpose of ensuring the due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and to meet the just demands of morals, public order and the well-being of a society democratic.
3 – These rights and freedoms cannot, under any circumstances, be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article XXX
Nothing in this Declaration shall be construed as acknowledging any State, group or person of law. to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms here settled down."
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is, therefore, a guide for action, a set of regulatory principles, not only for state actions, but also for the citizens themselves. The rights contained therein contemplate the concepts of citizenship, democracy and peace.
Respect for these rights, however, still needs to be enforced in several nations. The universalization of the fundamental guarantees provided for in the Declaration must be inspected and charged by all entities that make up the society, and not just by the state.
By Amarolina Ribeiro
Graduated in Geography
