Hyphenation in compound words

Studying the Spelling of the following compound words:

North American

self analysis

Great Britain

We note that the presence of the hyphen in some of these words, and their absence in others, it is justified by conventions in written language that need to be known and obeyed when using this communicative modality. However, it is not easy to specify the use or not of the hyphen in compound words, Is not it? Therefore, let's study the rules that guide us to the proper writing of these words!

1) The hyphen is used in compounds without a linking element when the first term, in full or short, is represented by the form noun, adjective, numeral or verbal.

dropper

Rainbow

Afro-Portuguese-Brazilian

2) A hyphen is used in compound words that have the syntagmatic units without, beyond, below, just:

beyond the Atlantic

beyond borders

unceremoniously

newborn

3) The hyphen is used in words composed with the adverbsgood and bad, when they form a syntagmatic and semantic unit with the element that follows them, and this element starts with a vowel or H:

well said

well to say

unlucky

misunderstanding

4) The hyphen is used in geographic names composed of the forms grain, grain, or by another verbal form, or even those linked by article:

Do not stop now... There's more after the advertising ;)

Great Britain

Open Field

All Saints' Bay

backbreaker

5) The hyphen is used in compounds that designate botanical (plant and fruit) and zoological species, whether or not linked by preposition or any other element.

pumpkin girl

tern

beloved

Rufous Hornero

6) A hyphen is used in compound words that have the radicals self-, neo-, proto-, pseudo-, semi-, when the next element starts with H:

neo-humanism

protohistoric

pseudo-hero

semi-man

7) A hyphen is used in compound words that have the radical pan-, when the next element starts with H:

panhellenic

Attention! The New Orthographic Agreement established some exceptions for the use of the hyphen in compounds:

  • Parachute – not parachute.

  • Self analysis: New Accord eliminated the hyphen when the other element starts with a vowel.

  • semi-rectal: the hyphen has been eliminated when the other element starts with R, with duplication of this consonant.

  • neo-unionism: the hyphen has been eliminated when the other element starts with S, with duplication of that consonant.

  • Pan American: New Deal maintains the hyphen when the second element starts with vowel, H, M or N.

  • Circum-navigation: Remains hyphen when second element starts with vowel, H, M or N.

By Mariana Rigonatto
Graduated in Letters

Would you like to reference this text in a school or academic work? Look:

RIGONATTO, Mariana. "Use of hyphen in compound words"; Brazil School. Available in: https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/gramatica/uso-ou-nao-hifen-alguns-substantivos-compostos.htm. Accessed on June 27, 2021.

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