Origin of the term "republic"
The term "republic" derives from latin ResPublish and literally means "thingpublic”, that is, what concerns the public interest of all citizens. Republic is a form or model of political organization that originated in oldPomegranate, in the VI century BC C., after the overthrow of the last Etruscan king, tarquin, which had an influence on the region of Lazio, on the Italian Peninsula, where Rome is located. The end of the monarchy in Rome was brought about by a political coup by the city's patrician aristocracy.
Read too: What is a coup d'état?
Republican structure and institutions
It is from the structure of the Roman Republic that the main modern political institutions such as the Parliament, consisting of members representing the population. The Parliament, nowadays, makes up the political structure of both regimespresidentialists (in which the president is the head of government and the head of state at the same time), like the Brazilian and the American, how much of
regimesroyalists, such as the United Kingdom and Japan (where the head of state is the monarch, and the head of government is the prime minister). There is also the mixed model variant, the parliamentarismpresidentialist, in which the president is the head of state, and the prime minister, the head of government.In ancient Rome, the senate and the assemblies they constituted this “parliamentary body”. From the senators came the authority over the magistrates, which had functionsadministrative according to their rank and jurisdiction, similar to what happens today with the members of the PowerExecutive republican. Among the positions of the magistracy in the Roman Republic were consuls (the highest rank), praetors, censors, quaestors, edi and, on specific occasions such as wartime, the dictator.
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Republic in the Middle Ages and in the Modern Age
It is important to emphasize, however, that the republican institutions were transformed into AgeAverage and on AgeModern until reaching the models we know today, whose main matrices come from United States Independence and of the French Revolution. The port cities of the Italian Peninsula, such as Venice and Genoa, as well as the Netherlands region, such as Amsterdam, in the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age, had a great economic ferment, with great commercial traffic.
This characteristic enabled the formation of small republics that were related to large Empires, with the Holy Roman Empire. THE Republic of the Seven Provinces of the Netherlands, for example, created in 1581, was responsible for the development of the largest mercantilist financial ventures: the Companiesof the West Indies and of the indiesOrientals.
There was also, in the 17th century, the example of the republic (republican parliament) of oliverCromwell, in England, after the beheading of the king Carlos I, in January 1649. However, Cromwell dissolved Parliament in 1643, becoming a dictator in the modern sense of the time – restricting the political freedoms of citizens.
By Me. Cláudio Fernandes
