THE China or People's Republic of China is a country located in the Asia Eastern and is considered to be one of the oldest civilizations in the world. the country has one ofbiggest economies on the planet and it is also the third largest nation in territorial extension. Currently, China is one of the most industrialized countries in the world, exerting a strong influence on the world economy.
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General data about China:
Nameofficial: China Popular Republic
Type of government:Communist Republic
Capital: Beijing (Beijing)
Tongueofficial: Mandarin
President: Xi Jinping
Location: Asia
Area: 9,596,961 km2
Population: 1,419,257,177 inhabitants
Densitydemographic: 146.29 inhab/km2
Human Development Index (HDI): 0,752
ProductInternalGross (GDP): US$ 12.24 trillion
Coin: Renminbi
Capital of China: Beijing
The capital of China is Beijing, which, in Chinese pronunciation, is beijing. Located in the north of the country, it is
one of metropolises most populous in the world, with just over 21 million inhabitants. The city is divided into fourteen districts and two rural counties. The city hosted the 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Government
China is a republic communist which aims to develop the principles of a socialist society. However, they are observed in the country liberal economic practices – by many, considered capitalists. The Communist Party, created in 1921, has been at the head of the Chinese government since 1949. The government is based on the performance of a single party, not allowing the existence of others.
In the past, China had a political system based on dynasties (royal families that succeed each other in power). The country was ruled for 268 years by the Qing dynasty, this being the last Chinese imperial dynasty. With the fall of the Qing, the Republic of China was founded in the country in 1911.
In the year 1949, Mao Tse-Tung (Chinese revolutionary who was leader of the chinese revolution), through the Communist Party, established the People's Republic of China in the country at the end of the Chinese Civil War. Mao Tse-Tung ruled the country until the year of his death, in 1976. Since 2013, China is governed by Xi Jinping.
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Economy
THE China has the second largest economy in the world, second only to the United States, and has achieved increasingly high rates of development, maintaining trade relations with several countries, in various regions. The country has participated in the World Trade Organization since 2001 and is currently one of the best countries for foreign investors.
O Gross Domestic Product(GDP) of the country exceeds US$ 12 trillion, and the per capita income reaches 5,185 dollars, thus configuring the nation in the greatest economic expansion. The country is also at the top of the ranking of world leaders in terms of technology, investing heavily in research and development. According to data from the Economic Complexity Observatory, in 2017, China exported approximately US$ 2.41 trillion and imported, in the same year, around US$ 1.4 trillion, generating a balance positive commercial.
The main export products and the main export destinations are:
exported goods |
transmission equipment |
digital disk drives |
Office Machine Parts |
integrated circuits |
Phones |
Destinations |
U.S |
Japan |
Germany |
South Korea |
The main imported products and the main origins are:
imported goods |
integrated circuits |
Crude Petroleum |
iron ores |
Cars |
Gold |
Origins |
South Korea |
Japan |
U.S |
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Population
The Chinese population is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. The Chinese people were formed near the Yellow River, influenced by several other peoples. Chinese civilization is divided into ethnic groups, the largest being the Han ethnic group. This nation also has a portion of foreigners coming, especially, from South Korea, the United States and Japan.
China is now the most populous nation in the world, with about 1,419,257,177 inhabitants, which is equivalent to one fifth of the world's population. this big population contingent, in addition to causing some problems, such as the worsening of the scarcity of natural resources and some urban problems, awakened in the government the need to create public policies to contain population growth.
For this, the Chinese government implemented the “son policy single”, which consists of a determination that each couple have only one child, so that the generation of a second child can entail severe punishments by the State, such as the payment of a fine. This was done in order to reduce the birth rate in the country. This policy aimed at family planning has been much contested by the population.
natural aspects
China borders several countries such as North Korea, Russia, Pakistan, India, Bhutan and more. In all, there are 14 border nations. The country, despite currently suffering from enormous environmental degradation, is considered a megadiverse country, due to the great biodiversity in fauna and flora.
The Chinese government is seeking alternatives to replace the current development model in order to contribute to sustainability in the country. An example of this is the strong investment in renewable energy. Much of the energy produced in the country comes from renewable energy sources.
→ Fauna
The main representatives of Chinese fauna are the horses, camels, leopard cat, monkeys, deer, bears, wolves and the famous giant panda. O panda bear is undoubtedly one of the biggest representatives of China, being seen by the Chinese as a symbol of peace, good luck and a positive life.
This mammal is found mainly in south-central China and in more isolated mountainous areas that feature temperate forests. The species was threatened with extinction. Through the efforts of Chinese environmentalists, the panda bear left the threat list. There were investments in habitat, through the creation of new reserves, and captive breeding using artificial insemination methods.
→ Climate
The climate in China is quite diverse and varies according to geographic location. are found equatorial, tropical, temperate and subtropical zones. Rainfall rates also vary by region.
→ Relief
The relief of the Chinese territory is diversified. In the west of the country there is the presence of Himalayan mountain range. To the northwest, plateaus such as the one of the Tibet. To the north are the desert plains. In the south of the country, the most populous region, there are plains with greater fertility due to the presence of rivers, such as the Yellow River.
→ Vegetation
China is in a temperate region. The predominant vegetation in the country is the temperate forest, today quite devastated due to human actions such as agricultural expansion.
flag of china
The flag of China represents, through the color red, the Revolution of 1949, when the People's Republic of China was established in the country. Stars also have meaning. The larger one represents the Communist Party of China, and the smaller ones represent the Chinese people.
Curiosities
In China, there is the largest construction in the world, the Great Wall of China, which is more than 21,000 kilometers long. Its construction took place between 220 BC. Ç. and 206 a. Ç.
Chinese cuisine has unique ingredients, as they are not part of the diet of most Westerners, such as shark fin and dog meat.
The use of social media is restricted in the country, as is press freedom.
By Rafaela Sousa
Geography teacher