Name: Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva
Date of birth: October 27, 1945
Local: Stallions (PE)
Broken: Workers' Party (PT)
Party time: Since its foundation (1980)
Previous parties: None
Professional qualification: metallurgical
President of the Federative Republic of Brazil since January 1, 2003. Candidate of the PT, PL, PCdoB, PCB and PMN alliance, he was elected in the second round on October 27, 2002 with 61.2% of valid votes, 52.79 million votes.
THE 5th CAMPAIGN OF LUIZ INÁCIO (1989, 1994, 1998 and 2002), THE 1st AS PRESIDENT
Elected president with 52.79 million votes, PT member Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was greeted with the best expectations by the Brazilian and foreign left. It was the fourth time, in 2002, that he had faced a campaign for the Planalto Palace, perhaps the last, if he had lost. Historian Eric Hobsbawn defined the former unionist's victory as "one of the few events at the beginning of the 21st century that gives us hope for the rest of this century". In London, on July 14, 2003, sociologist Anthony Giddens expressed his optimism that the president would transform not just Brazil, but "the world".
For now, it is known that the Lula administration changed the history of the Workers Party, which until then was guided by the banner of ethics in politics. Corruption and Caixa Dois accusations piled up in the second half of the term, ringing out the word "impeachment". To the astonishment of the opposition, the successive months of attacks in the CPIs on PT parliamentarians, allies and members of the federal government failed to shake the electorate's preference for Lula, stable at around 40% of the intentions of vote.
At 60, the PT is on his fifth campaign for president. For the first time, he will fill his biography in advertising with what he did and will be charged for what he did not do in power. The bet was high, on the part of Lula himself. "Any other president of the Republic can be elected and do nothing, which the people are already used to, but we don't have this right, because there are people who have carried our flag for 10, 20, 30 years," he declared in Fortaleza, on October 24, 2002. "I want to prove that metallurgists are capable of governing this country better than the Brazilian elite has been able to do in these last hundred and so years of the Republic."
Campos, RJ, April 21, 2006: Brazil's self-sufficiency in oil production
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was born on October 27, 1945 in the then district of Caetés, municipality of Garanhuns, in the interior of Pernambuco. He is the seventh of eight children of Aristides Inácio da Silva and Eurídice Ferreira de Mello, affectionately called “Dona Lindu”.
In December 1952, Dona Lindu, along with her children, migrated to the coast of São Paulo traveling 13 days in a "pau-de-arara" truck. They went to live in Vicente de Carvalho, a poor neighborhood in Guarujá. Lula was literate at the Marcílio Dias School Group and completed elementary school. In 1956, they moved to São Paulo and went to live in a single room, at the back of a bar, in the neighborhood of Ipiranga.
At the age of 12, Lula got his first job, in a dye shop. Afterwards, he was a shoeshine boy and an “office boy”. At the age of 14, he started working at Armazéns Gerais Columbia, where he had his work card signed for the first time. He later transferred to the Marte Screw Factory and got a place in the mechanical lathe course at Senai – National Industry Service. The studies lasted three years and Lula became a metallurgist.
The crisis after the 1964 military coup led Lula to change his job, passing through several factories until joining the Indústrias Villares, one of the main metallurgical companies in the country, located in São Bernardo do Campo, ABC São Paulo. Working at Villares, Lula began to have contact with the union movement through his brother José Ferreira da Silva, better known as “Frei Chico”.
In 1969, the Metallurgist Union of São Bernardo do Campo e Diadema held an election to choose the new board and Lula was elected alternate. In the next election, in 1972, he became first secretary. In 1975, he was elected president of the union with 92% of the votes and there already represented 100,000 workers.
Lula gave a new direction to the Brazilian union movement. In 1978, he was reelected president of the union (98% of the votes) and, after 10 years without workers' strikes – due to the oppressive regime in force – the first strikes occurred in the country. In March 1979, 170 thousand metallurgists stopped the ABC Paulista. The charismatic leader then led memorable assemblies at the stadium in Vila Euclides, whose participants were not intimidated by the police apparatus.
São Bernardo do Campo, SP, May 13, 1979: speech to 60 thousand ABC metallurgists
The repression of the strike movement and the almost inexistence of politicians representing the interests of the workers in the National Congress made Lula think for the first time of creating a party of workers.
At that time, Brazil was already undergoing a process of political opening, commanded by the military still in power. On February 10, 1980, Lula founded the Workers' Party (PT), along with others. trade unionists, intellectuals, politicians and representatives of social movements, such as rural leaders and religious. That same year, a new strike by metallurgists provoked the federal government's intervention in the Union of São Bernardo and the arrest of Lula and other union leaders under the National Security Law. There were 31 days in prison, a situation made worse by the death of his mother.
Lula led the organization of the party, which in 1982 was already established in almost the entire national territory. He disputed that year for the government of São Paulo and came in fourth.
In August 1983, he was part of the founding group of CUT – Central Única dos Trabalhadores. In 1984, he participated, as one of the main leaders, in the "Diretas-Já" campaign, which demanded the direct choice of the President of the Republic. In 1986, he was elected the most voted federal deputy in the country for the National Constituent Assembly, with 650,134 votes.
Do not stop now... There's more after the advertising ;)
The PT launched Lula to run for President of the Republic in 1989, after 29 years without direct election to the position. He lost the dispute, in the second round, by a small difference in votes, but two years later he led national mobilization against corruption, which led to the impeachment of President Fernando Collor de Mello.
The real chance of victory in 1989 encouraged the PT members, and Lula landed in the following campaign, in 1994, as the favorite until the middle of the year, until the launch of the Plano Real. The party changed its speech in relation to the economic plan and also needed to change its candidate for vice president. Aloizio Mercadante replaced José Paulo Bisol, senator of the PSB from Rio Grande do Sul. In August, Fernando Henrique Cardoso already surpassed Lula in the polls. The toucan won in the first round.
One of the biographical comparisons that most infuriated Lula emerged in the 1994 campaign. In an event attended by Ruth Cardoso, theater businesswoman Ruth Escobar announced that Brazilians would have two options: "Vote for Sartre or choose a plumber". In the PT bunker in São Paulo, to alleviate the climate, there was talk of injustice not only with the plumbers, but with the French writer Jean Paul Sartre. Lula didn't laugh. In the following rallies, he would launch torpedoes that would continue to echo ten years later, already in the Presidency of the Republic:
"The elite know I'm a winner. A northeastern child who didn't starve to death until he was five years old has already won in life. A northeastern person who disembarked from a pau-de-arara, fleeing the drought, and did not become a marginal person, is a winner. In my government, a plumber's son will compete for a place at the university with the son of a theater manager like Mrs. Ruth Escobar."
In 1998, Lula again ran for president of the Republic and was defeated again by Fernando Henrique Cardoso, who capitalized the fear of change of a large part of the electorate, having debuted the novelty of the re-election that had been approved by Congress in the same year.
Starting in 1992, Lula acted as an advisor to Instituto Cidadania, a non-governmental organization created after the experience of the Parallel Government, focused on studies, research, debates, publications and mainly the formulation of public policy proposals as well as the promotion of campaigns to mobilize civil society towards the achievement of citizenship rights for all the people. Brazilian.
In the last week of June 2002, the PT's National Convention approved the formation of a broad political alliance (PT, PL, PC do B, PCB and PMN), which prepared a government program to redeem the fundamental social debts that Brazil has with the vast majority of its people. The opening of the range of alliances for the PL attracted the vote of businessmen and evangelicals. Driven by an efficient TV campaign that explored the image of "Lulinha paz e amor", the PT member remained at the forefront of polls. The candidate for Vice President on the ticket was Senator José Alencar, from PL de Minas Gerais. On October 27, 2002, at the age of 57, with nearly 53 million votes, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is elected President of the Federative Republic of Brazil beating José Serra (PSDB) in the second round by a difference of over 19 million wishes.
São Paulo, July 5, 2002: with Alencar, Genoino and Mercadante, on a walk through the center
After taking office, President Lula and his government team began a series of structural transformations that led the country to meet its promising destiny.
Despite his limited formal education, he was awarded several "Honoris Causa" doctoral degrees by renowned North American and European universities.
Lula has been married since 1974 to Marisa Letícia and has five children.
LULA'S SPEECHES
In his first speech as president-elect, before his inauguration, Lula favored the theme of fighting hunger. Three and a half years later, on May 17, 2006, a survey by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) revealed that even Lula's projections of tens of millions of victims of food shortages were accurate. enough.
In 2004, adding people with severe food insecurity (those who went hungry) and moderate (the who were worried about not having food), reached a contingent of 39.5 million Brazilians. The story of the mother, Eurídice, and the president's brothers traveling from the Northeast to the coast of São Paulo, in 1952, supplied only with water, flour and brown sugar, is well known. In the hundreds of rallies and marches he held in four presidential campaigns, in urban and rural areas, Lula was able to identify starving children without the need to ask questions.
The life story of the metallurgist and unionist who was elected president separates him from his predecessors and possibly his successors. This cleavage is reflected in the speeches, especially in the improvised ones. On April 3 of this year, during the exchange of ministers in preparation for the electoral campaign, the president spoke about fishermen and football stadiums. On May 5, at the height of the crisis with Bolivia, he took advantage of the inauguration of a touristic train line in Ouro Preto to reveal his knowledge of Minas Gerais cachaça and cited Dom Pedro's marital infidelities 1º. In Lula's speech, these themes absent in the speeches of José Sarney, Itamar Franco or FHC arise naturally, and establish ties with the population that accusations and threats of impeachment have not been able to break until now.
In the campaign until October, the candidate will reinforce his biography with government achievements such as the growth of exports and credit for the low population income, the drop in Brazil risk, the decrease in unemployment and poverty, the real increase in the minimum wage, scholarships for needy students at universities private. Lula has four presidential campaigns of debate experience and decades of tough negotiating with opponents. For the fugitives from drought, adversity has always been everywhere, on the barren ground and cloudless sky.
Sources:
https://www.presidencia.gov.br/bio.htm
http://eleicoes.uol.com.br/2006/campanha/biografias/lula.jhtm
Order L - Biography - Brazil School
