the section of BrazilCologne includes texts referring to the contents of the period of Brazilian history that extended from the discovery, in 1500, until the arrival of the Portuguese royal family in 1808. Although the setting up of the colonial system in Brazil effectively began in 1530, this section (due to a didactic option) includes texts referring to the previous thirty years, since it is impossible to understand the need for effective colonization without understanding their background.
From 1500 to 1530, the most important themes are: contact with the environment and different native peoples, or indigenous – a fact that caused a great impact on the European mentality of the time, generating an imaginary that ranged from demonization to paradisiacal images –; the initial attempts to exploit raw materials, with emphasis on the brazilwood, largely monopolized by Portuguese traders such as FernandoinNoronha.
With the threat of occupation of Brazilian territory by other peoples, such as the French, the Portuguese crown decided, in the early 1530s, to establish the
de facto colony control, instituting the General Government. The first of Brazil's governors general was Tome de Souza. From the stage of general governments, the establishment of a slightly more sophisticated economic structure began. The assembly of gadgetsinsugarand the system of plantation (monoculture latifundiums), as well as the employment of slave labor, initially indigenous and after, black (African), was part of the decisions of the General Government.At the same time, from the then Captaincy of São Paulo, the enterprises known as flags and entrances, which were characterized by the exploration of the interior of the country, the arrest of Indians and the expansion of territories. The formation of colonial society began to be articulated based on these elements: sugar economy, slave system and penetration into the interior of the country.
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Subsequently, the cycleeconomicofgold, in the 18th century, which was concentrated in the Southeast region, especially in Minas Gerais, gave new contrasts to the formation of Brazilian society and space for new political ideas. This social formation also culminated in the famous Nativist RebellionsandSeparatist Rebellions, of which, for example, the Beckman Revolt and the InconfidenceMinas Gerais.
THE Pernambuco Insurrection, on the other hand, which occurred in Pernambuco, resulted from a situation after a period of great importance for the Northeast region of Brazil: the Dutch administration period. With the Iberian Union, parts of the Brazilian Northeast, especially Pernambuco, were occupied by the Flemish peoples, who established there an economic and social development never seen in the Brazilian colony until then. This period was also called of Dutch Brazil.
THE crisisof the colonial system began to worsen in the second half of the 18th century, at the same time that the situation in Europe became convulsive with the advent of RevolutionFrench. In 1808, the Portuguese court left Portugal for Brazil, starting a new stage in its history, taking it from the status of a colony and raising it to the status of KingdomUnited, together with Portugal of Algarves.
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By Me. Cláudio Fernandes
(Objective) According to Boris Fausto, the discovery of Brazil did not even remotely provoke the enthusiasm aroused by the arrival of Vasco da Gama in India. Brazil appears as a land whose exploration possibilities and geographical contours were unknown. For several years it was thought to be no more than a large island. Exotic attractions – Indians, parrots, macaws – prevailed, to the point that some informants, particularly Italians, named it the land of parrots. Therefore, mark the alternative that correctly fills the gap below:
The expedition of ______________________ (1530-1533) represented a transitional moment between the old and the new period. Its objective was to patrol the coast, establish a colony through the non-hereditary granting of land to the settlers it brought (São Vicente, 1532) and explore the land, in view of the need for its effective occupation.
(TJ-SC) The order issued by the governor of Minas Gerais, Visconde de Barbacena, to carry out the Spill, that is, the collection of taxes due to the Portuguese crown was the immediate cause of:
a) Revolt of the Tailors.
e) Mining Inconfidence.
