After first phase, which in some classifications is usually defined between the years 1450 and 1850, consolidated the second phase of globalization, periodized between the years of 1850 and 1950 or until the end of the Second World War. This was the period in the history of capitalism when the production of world geographic space was scaled by direct effects and indirect effects of industrialization in developed countries, with its successive consequences across the geopolitical and economic.
There was, at that time, the development of Industrial Capitalism, in which the secondary sector of the economy started to generate a greater amount of jobs and exert direct effects in developed societies (through the transformation of their spaces) and in colonial and underdeveloped societies (through the provision of agricultural, vegetable and minerals).
Although the I Industrial Revolution began in the mid-18th century, it was at the beginning of the century. following that its effects started to be felt in terms of providing a greater development of the globalization. Means of transport developed, such as railroads and later automobiles, as well as the shipbuilding industry.
The geographic space of countless cities, in countries like England, France, Germany, Italy and, later, States United States, it quickly transformed due to the accelerated urbanization caused by the industrialization process classic. In this same context, the centrality of the figure of the bourgeoisie emerged, which took the lead in social and economic productions.
As the industrial process dates back to a growing demand for raw materials and the consumer market, some modifications in the previous order took place. One of them was the gradual extinction of the slave system throughout the world to increase the number of workers and, consequently, that of consumers for the goods produced, until then, en masse by the production system Fordist.
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Another consequence of this situation was the advance of imperialism, given that the need for more accessible natural resources at lower prices has intensified a race in search of territories, which culminated in episodes such as the partition of Africa at the end of the 19th century and the two great world wars of the first half of the 20th century.
What can be seen, therefore, is that in this historical period the model of globalization expanded in an extraordinarily advanced way. The transformations involved both the economic plans (such as the advancement of the ideals of liberalism) and the political environment (such as the influences generated by the French Revolution around the world). The cultural environment, such as period styles, music, fashion, artistic trends, among others, also advanced in terms of diffusion.
Thus, we can understand the second phase of globalization as being the one that structured the bases for the formation of financial capital and the occurrence of technological revolutions, which demarcated the current phase of this phenomenon, which today reaches the most diverse scales, from local to worldwide.
By Rodolfo Alves Pena
Graduated in Geography
Would you like to reference this text in a school or academic work? Look:
PENA, Rodolfo F. Alves. "Second Phase of Globalization"; Brazil School. Available in: https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/geografia/segunda-globa.htm. Accessed on June 27, 2021.
