Master of the School of Medicine of Salerno born in Lucca, near Pisa, cities in Tuscany, central Italy, who revolutionized the treatment of wounds, advocating the dry means of healing, and one of the founders of the School of Surgery of Bologna. He lived in Parma before moving on to Bologna, both in the Emilia-Romagna Region. He accompanied the V Crusade, the Bolognese crusade, to Egypt and Syria, having been in the assault on Damietta (1219), today Dumyat, city of Nile delta, where he introduced innovative techniques to emergency medicine and surgery, having used bandages in the occlusion of the wounds.
In a book credited to him, medicines and methods of administering them were named that would make the patient feel insensitive to pain, so that it could be cut without feeling anything. The anesthetic was a mixture based on opium, mandrake leaves, mulled wine, herbs and other narcotics such as hemlock, which had to be boiled for a while and soaked in a sponge, soporific sponges, and applied to the patient's nostrils, in a procedure much like ether and chloroform is administered by the surgeon modern.
His son and disciple Teodorico Borgognoni (1205-1296), a Dominican friar bishop of Bitonto (1262), a city next to Bari, in Puglia, and of Cervia (1266), in the Province of Ravenna, East of the Emilia-Romagna, confessor of Pope Innocent IV, and who published a surgical treatise called Chirurgia (1266), was the most important figure in the school and also used the sponge anesthetic. Both explained details about kidney stones and gallbladder surgery. He issued medical certificates required by the court of justice (1249) and died in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna.
Source: http://www.dec.ufcg.edu.br/biografias/
Order R - Biography - Brazil School
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/biografia/hugo-borgognoni.htm